Britain's electricity generation has fallen to its lowest level since 1983, with per person electricity generation dropping over 20% since 2005. We're now importing record amounts of electricity, up 40% to 33.4 TWh in 2024 from the year prior. Our electricity use per person (4.5 MWh) is closer to Brazil (3.43 MWh) and South Africa (3.67 MWh) than to developed economies like Germany (5.98 MWh), China (6.64 MWh), Japan (8.15 MWh), Sweden (13.03 MWh), or Canada (15.41 MWh).
This stark reality represents a dramatic reversal for a nation that once led global energy innovation. UK businesses are now grappling with historically high energy prices as a direct result of these structural challenges. Understanding the reasons behind these rising costs—and taking actionable steps—is essential to protect your bottom line.
The Historical Context of UK Energy Leadership
Britain's energy decline is particularly striking given its historical leadership. By 1640, Britain mined 1.5 million tonnes of coal annually, triple the rest of Europe combined. It created the world's first national electricity grid in 1926, and by 1956, Britain became the first country to embrace nuclear power, operating more nuclear reactors than the rest of the world combined by 1965.
Yet, recent decades have seen significant setbacks. Today, the UK's energy infrastructure upgrades proceed at only half the pace of the 1950s Supergrid era, significantly affecting efficiency and costs.
Why Are Current UK Energy Prices So High?
Several critical factors contribute to today's high energy costs:
1. Gas Dependency
About 40% of UK electricity generation comes from natural gas. Wholesale electricity prices are dictated by gas costs 97% of the time, making the UK highly vulnerable to gas market fluctuations.
2. Insufficient Flexible Energy Sources
Renewables, such as offshore wind, experience production variability. Offshore wind load factors dropped to their lowest since 2016 (36.3% in 2024), increasing reliance on expensive backup generation sources.
3. Regulatory and Network Costs
Businesses face high charges from network upgrades and renewable energy subsidies, which have grown significantly. Transmission costs rose from £1.35 billion in 2008/9 to over £4 billion in 2024/25, while renewable subsidies now exceed £10 billion per year.
4. Nuclear Power Decline
No new nuclear plants have been completed in Britain for 28 years, reducing nuclear power's contribution from historically high levels to just 12.5% of electricity output. This decline pushes reliance onto costlier energy sources. Had Britain continued its earlier nuclear rollout pace, nuclear could now supply around 50% of the UK's energy needs.
International Comparisons Highlight the Issue
UK businesses pay significantly more for energy compared to international counterparts:
- UK manufacturers paid 18.4p per kWh in 2024, 34% higher than their French counterparts at 13.7p per kWh
- UK energy prices tripled between 2004 and 2024 and are now five times higher than those in the United States
- British steel producers report daily losses exceeding £700,000 due to energy costs
Practical Steps Businesses Can Take to Lower Energy Costs
To mitigate high energy costs, businesses should take the following actionable steps:
1. Analyse Energy Consumption Patterns
Install smart meters to track detailed energy usage. Knowing your peak demand periods helps manage energy usage effectively.
2. Consider Time-Based Energy Tariffs
Shifting flexible, energy-intensive tasks to off-peak hours significantly reduces bills. Time-based tariffs reward businesses for using energy when it's abundant and cheaper.
3. Invest in Energy Efficiency Upgrades
Implementing energy efficiency improvements like LED lighting, insulation, and efficient HVAC systems reduces energy consumption and lowers operational costs.
4. Explore On-Site Energy Generation and Storage
Solar panels combined with battery storage reduce reliance on expensive peak-time electricity, increasing operational resilience against energy price spikes.
5. Ensure Transparency with Energy Brokers
Most energy brokers provide valuable services, but understanding their fee structure is essential. Transparent relationships ensure you're paying fair market rates without hidden commissions.
Conclusion
While UK businesses face significant energy pricing challenges rooted in structural market issues, understanding the factors driving these high costs and proactively managing energy usage can result in substantial savings. By embracing efficiency measures, adopting flexible tariffs, and exploring renewable options, businesses can gain greater control over energy costs, improving financial stability and sustainability.
VoltView automates the collection and processing of energy data and bills, supplier switching, and multi-site monitoring for UK businesses – saving time and money on energy management.